What Nigeria can learn from China’s economic transformation
• Olaotan Fawehinmi
China has transformed from an isolated, agrarian economy into the world’s second-largest economic powerhouse in just over four decades. What was once a country grappling with poverty, underdevelopment, and political instability is now a hub for infrastructure, innovation, and global trade. This transformation was not accidental—it resulted from deliberate policies, long-term vision, and strategic execution.
As Nigeria, Africa’s most populous nation and one of its largest economies, struggles with underdevelopment, unemployment, and economic dependency, a critical question arises: Can Nigeria learn from China’s blueprint and chart a similar course of transformation?
Exploring the key drivers behind China’s economic success—from industrial policy and foreign direct investment to education and innovation—and examining which strategies are adaptable to Nigeria’s unique context. It is not about copying and pasting a model but thoughtful adaptation, bold leadership, and a shared national vision.
Nigeria can learn a treasure trove of lessons from the compelling story of a nation that understands the delicate balance between progress and preservation.
“If you know your history, you will know where you are coming from.” Perhaps you would also know where you are going. But then, knowing your history is not enough. You must preserve and build on it.
China deeply embeds its culture in every aspect of life. From food to architecture, from language to commerce, they carry their heritage with pride. Chinese culture highly regards heritage and is firmly committed to preserving history with a seamless blend of traditional and modern architecture. We must understand that our past is the foundation on which we build our future.
Language is power. Language is unity. In China, everyone speaks Mandarin—not only as a means of communication but also as a declaration of identity. With Mandarin as the national language, the country has been able to bridge regional divides and create a sense of national unity. I believe the absence of a “local” common national language keeps Nigeria fragmented. A more unified linguistic approach can help us strengthen national cohesion.
Walk into any Chinese store, and you will find products proudly made in China. There is a national consciousness to support homegrown businesses. Government policies favour local industries, ensuring they thrive before foreign brands are even considered. If we do not build and protect our own, no one else will.
An average vendor in China accepts payments via Alipay or WeChat. The apps can even analyse your spending and show which sectors are taking more money than the others. China’s infrastructure tells a story of intentional leadership. Payment platforms, technology, roads, bridges, trains, and power supply are not luxuries there—they are fundamental rights. China has created an ecosystem that encourages innovation and entrepreneurship, and the government’s investments in its people ensure that a lack of infrastructure does not hinder productivity.
China did not become the world’s manufacturing hub overnight. It took decades of meticulous planning, investment in technology, and a deep understanding of global market trends. Nigeria has vast human and natural resources, but it must think beyond quick wins. We must start playing the long-term game—investing in industries that can position us as global leaders in specific sectors.
China’s success is largely built on its infrastructure—efficient transportation, stable electricity, and modern digital networks. These systems enable businesses to thrive and make daily life more convenient. Nigeria must prioritise infrastructure development in urban areas and across the country, ensuring accessibility and efficiency in commerce, communication, and mobility.
One of China’s most fascinating strategies is building viable internal alternatives before restricting foreign platforms. They did not just ban Google; they had Baidu. They did not just block WhatsApp; they had WeChat. They did not just reject foreign e-commerce platforms; they had Alibaba. We must create, then compete—not the other way around.
China understands the power of partnerships. The government collaborates with businesses, businesses collaborate among themselves, and regions within China collaborate to drive national growth. We must embrace the mindset that no sector thrives in isolation. From private enterprises to government initiatives, from north to south, collaboration should be the new normal.
Perhaps the most remarkable thing about China is its discipline—discipline in governance, policy execution, and societal structure. We have some of the brightest minds in the world, but talent without discipline is wasted potential. It is not enough to have plans; we must follow through with ruthless efficiency.
China is not perfect, and neither is Nigeria. But if we are to move forward, we must be willing to learn from those who have successfully walked the path of development. Celebrating our culture, preserving our heritage, prioritising collaborations, supporting indigenous businesses, uniting through language, and demanding more from leadership—these are not just lessons we can learn from developed countries; they are mandates.
Nigeria is rich, powerful, and full of promise. But a promise alone does not build nations—strategy, execution, and a deep sense of identity do. We must invest in our human capital and build a workforce that can drive the nation’s growth. Progress is not a zero-sum game. China has an ageing population, but our young population is one of our greatest assets. We must equip them with the skills and knowledge required to compete in the 21st century.
• Olaotan Fawehinmi writes from Lagos
